One of the major challenges identified during the effective vaccine management (EVM) and HR rapid assessments carried out by UNICEF and its partners in various countries in 2016 and 2017 was the non-systematic approach to HR capacity development and the ad-hoc manner in which training is conducted. This haphazard approach to training means that learning is not optimized and does not result in the full impact being achieved in terms of immunization supply chain performance.